Metro Manila: An Urban Breeding Site for Dengue Disease in the Philippines

Abstract

Dengue, a globally significant public health issue, affects over 390 million people annually in tropical and subtropical regions. The economic burden, escalating from 505,430 cases in 2000 to 5.2 million in 2019, underlines its severity. Southeast Asia, including the Philippines, faces unique challenges due to climate and geography, making it an endemic region. Urbanization and climate change further complicate Dengue control, with its impact on human lives evident in Southeast Asia's rising mortality and morbidity. Metro Manila, a Dengue hotspot since 1953, witnessed recurring epidemics and the emergence of Dengue Hemorrhagic Fever (DHF), notably affecting Filipino children. The Department of Health responded with surveillance, public awareness, and vector control. Rapid urbanization, creating breeding grounds in slums, and climate change intensify Dengue transmission. The impact on urban communities, particularly in Metro Manila, is substantial, overwhelming healthcare facilities and imposing economic burdens. A study estimates an annual societal cost, emphasizing its disproportionate impact on marginalized communities. Dengue prevention policies involve surveillance, public health education, and medical treatments, including the controversial Dengvaxia vaccine. Despite progress, the dynamic nature of Dengue requires continuous vigilance. The ongoing battle against Dengue in Metro Manila underscores the importance of integrated strategies, community involvement, and proactive measures to combat this persistent public health threat. Resilience is crucial in addressing challenges like climate change, urbanization, and emerging strains. Ongoing research and a multifaceted approach are imperative for effective Dengue management in Metro Manila and globally.